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Plants Found on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation
and/or Southeastern Idaho
Originally Identified and Cataloged 
by Thomas Nuttall.


Thomas Nuttall

Plants by Common and Scientific Family

Alphabetical List of Plants Found by Nuttall

Idaho plants found by Lewis and Clark

References




Thomas Nuttall
(1786-1859)

In 1832 and 1833 on his first trip to the Rocky Mountains and Oregon, Nathaniel Wyeth collected several plant specimens which he sent to the well known biologist Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859). Nuttall was one of the foremost botanical explorers of North America. He collected plants on journeys through the Great Lakes basin and along the length of both the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers (1810-1811), into what is now Oklahoma (1818-1820), and across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific (1834-1836).

Born in England in 1786, Nuttall first arrived in the United States in 1808. During his visits to the New World from 1808 to 1834 Nuttall traveled extensively to identify and catalogue hundreds of unknown plant and animal species along the upper Missouri, the Mississippi, the Ohio, the Great Lakes, the Arkansas Territory, and the Atlantic States. It was reported that no other explorer of the botany of North America personally made more discoveries than Thomas Nuttall.  Many of the the plants from the Nuttall collection are now in the British Museum in London, England.  

There was a direct connection between Nuttall and Frederick Pursh who cataloged the plants discovered by Lewis and Clark on their expedition.  Nuttall shared some of his new plants with Pursh, who was preparing his flora of North American, which included the plants of Lewis and Clark, many of which were found in what is now Idaho.  It was noted that there were many species in common and Pursh included the Nuttall plants in his publication.  

In 1834 when Nathaniel Wyeth made his second trip to the Rocky Mountains and on to Oregon, he was accompanied by Nuttall.  In crossing what is now westernmost Nebraska, Wyoming, and southern Idaho, Nuttall was in a area never before seen by any biologist. When Wyeth built Fort Hall in July 1834, Nuttall explored the area that is now the Fort Hall Indian Reservation. At Fort Hall Nuttall recorded that he first saw the American Magpie and found the Dusky Willow (Salix melanopsis Nutt.). Studies on the Fort Hall Reservation conducted in the 1990's revealed many plant species that bear Nuttall's name.

A project is currently underway at the Fort Hall Replica to surround the Replica with plants that are indigenous to southeastern Idaho and particularly the native species found in the vicinity of Wyeth's Fort Hall. While a wide range of trees, shrubs, flowers, herbs, and grasses are available for use in the project, special emphasis will be placed on collecting and planting species of plants first identified by Thomas Nuttall, many of which he discovered on his trek with Nathaniel Wyeth in 1834.

 

Plants by Common and Scientific Family

NOTICE:  Many of the plants listed below may be used as food or medicine.  Great care should be taken before using any plant without full knowledge and understanding of potential dangers.

COMMON FAMILY NAME

SCIENTIFIC FAMILY

Common Plant Name
(Click on Plant Name for additional information)
Scientific Plant Name and Its Authority 
ASTER FAMILY ASTERACEAE

Alkali-Marsh Butterweed 

Senecio hydrophilus Nutt.

Arrowleaf Balsamroot

Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.

Basin Big Sagebrush

Artemisia tridentata Nutt.  ssp. tridentata

Black Head

Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt.  var occidntalis

Chomisso Arnica

Arnica chamissonis Less.  ssp. foliosa  Nutt.

Chicken Sage

Sphaeromeria argentea  Nutt.

Clasping Arnica Arnica amplexiculis  Nutt.

Common Yarrow

Achillea millefolium    var. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper

Edible Thistle Cirsium edule  Nutt.
Elk Thistle Cirsium scariosum  Nutt,

Gray Rabbit-Brush

Chrysothamus nauseosus (Pall.) Britt

 

var. albicaulis (Nutt.) Rydb.

Green Rabbit-Brush

Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt

 

var. lanceolatus (Nutt.) Greene

Hooker's Balsamroot

Balsamorhiza hooken Nutt.  var. hispidula (sharp) Cronq.

Large-leafed Balsamroot Balsamorhiza macrophylla Nutt.
Largeflower Brickellia (Tassleflower) Brickellia grandiflora  Nutt.
Largeflower Hawksbeard Crepis occidentalis  Nutt.

Low Goldenrod

Solidago nana Nutt.

Low Pussy-Toes

Antennaria dimorpha (Nutt.) T. & G.

Low Sagebrush

Artemisia arbuscula Nutt.   var. nova (A. Nels.) Cronq

Lowland Cudweed

Gnaphalium palustre Nutt.

Mountain False Dandielion Agoseris heterophylla  Nutt. 

Northern Mules'ears

Wyethia amplexicaulis Nutt.

Northwest Viguiera

Viguiera multiflora (Nutt.). Blake    var. multiflora

Nuttall's Sunflower

Helianthus nuttallii T & G.

Prairie Coneflower Ratibida columnifera  (Nutt.) Wooton & Standl.
Prairie Goldenrod Solidago missouriensis  Nutt.
Prairie Sunflower Helianthus petiolaris  Nutt.
Rabbitbrush  Chrysothamnus  nauseosus (Pall.) Britton

var albicaulis  Nutt.

Rocky Mount Sunflower

Helianthellia uniflora (Nutt.) T. & G.    var. nuttallii

Rush-Pink

Lygodesmia grandiflora (Nutt.)  T.& G.

Short Rayed Alkali Aster Aster frondousus (Nutt.)  T. & G.

Showy Fleabane

Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC

var. macranthus (Nutt.) Cronq
Showy Goldeneye Viguiera multiflora  (Nutt,)  S. F. Blake
Small Wire Lettuce Stephanomeria exigua Nutt.

Smooth Daisy

Erigeron gabellus Nutt.  var. gabellus

Sneezeweed Helianthella autumnale L.   var. montanum (Nutt.) Fern. 
Spiny Horsebrush  Lagothamnus microphyllus  Nutt.  var. spinosa

Spiny Skeletonweed

Lygodesmia spinosa Nutt.

Streambank Arnica Arnica amplexicaulis  Nutt.

 Tall Marsh-Elder

Iva xanthifolia Nutt.

Thick-Stemmed Aster

Aster integrifolius Nutt.

Thread-Leaf Daisy

Erigeron filifolius Nutt.   var. filifolius

Thoroughwort. Brickella  oblongifolia Nutt,
Wavy Leaf Thistle Ciraiium undulatum  (Nutt.)  Spreg.
Western Aster Aster occidentalis (Nutt.)  Torr. & Gray 
Western Coneflower Rudbeckia occidentials  Nutt.

Western Goldenrod

Euthamia occidentalis  Nutt.

Western Mugwort

Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.  var. latiloba Nutt.

White Mule's Ears

Wyethia helianthoides Nutt.

White Thistle Cirsium hookerianum Nutt.

Wyoming Big Sagebrush

Artemisia tridentata Nutt.

 

ssp. wyomingensis Beeetle & Young

BEAN/PEA FAMILY FABACEAE
American Vetch  Vicia americana Muhl. ex Wild.  Var oregana  Nutt.
False Lupine Thermopsis rhombifolia  (Nutt. ex Pursh)  Richardson
Lance Leaf Scurf Pea Psoralea lanceolata Nutt.
Lodgepole Lupine Lupinus parviflorus  Nutt.
Mountain Thermopsis Theropsis montana  Nutt.   var montana
Northern Sweetvetch Hedysarum boreale  Nutt.  var camescems Nutt..
Nuttall's Licorice Glcyrrhiza lepidota  Nutt.  ex Pursh.
Painted Milkvetch Astragalus cermicus E. Sheldon

var. Orobus longifolius Nutt.
Pulse Milkvetch Astragalus tenellus Pursh  var. Orobus dispar  Nutt.
Silvery Lupine Lupinus argenteus  Pursh.    var. pariflorus (Nutt.) Hitchc.
Summer Clover Trifolium longipes  Nutt.
Wooly Clover Trifolium microcephalum  Nut.
BIRCH FAMILY BETULACEAE
Mountain Alder Alnus tenuifolia  Nutt.
BORAGE FAMILY BORAGINACEAE
Rosette Tiquilia Tiquilia nuttallii  (Hook) Richardson

Sagebrush Bluebells

Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. D

Spotted Forget-Me-Not

Hackelia patens (Nutt.) I.M. Johnst.    var. patens

BROOMRAPE FAMILY ORPBAMCJACEAE
Clustered Broomrape Orobanche fasciculata  Nutt.
BUCKWHEAT FAMILY POLYGONACEAE

Matted Buckwheat

Eriogonum caespitosum Nutt.

Nodding Buckwheat

Eriogonum cernuum Nutt.

Oval-Leafed Buckwheat

Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt.    var. ovalifolium

Slenderbush Buckwheat

Eriogonum microthecum Nutt.   var. laxiflorum Hook.

Wyeth's Buckwheat

Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt.

 

var. angustifolium (Nutt.) T. & G.

BUTTERCUP FAMILY RANUNCULACEAE

Celery-Leaved Buttercup

Ranunculus sceleratus    var. multifidus Nutt.

Columbian Monkshood

Aconitum columbianum Nutt.   var. columbianum  

Low Larkspur Delphinium nuttallianum Pritzel.
Red Baneberry Actaea arguta Nutt.   (Rubra)

Western Virgins-Bower

Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.

CACTUS FAMILY CACTACEAE
Fragile Prickly Pear Cactus Opuntia fragilis (Nutt) Hawthorne
CARROT FAMILY APIACEAE
Fernleaf Desert Parsley Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance
Lyall's Angelica Angelica arguta   Nutt.
Mountain Sweet Cicely Osmorhiza divaricala  Nutt. ex. Torr. & Gray
Wyeth Biscuitroot Lomatium ambiguum (Nutt.)  J.M. Coult. & Rose

EVENING-PRIMROSE

ONAGRACEAE

Desert Evening Primrose

Oenothera cespitosa Nutt.    ssp. montana (Nutt.) Muntz

Lewis River Evening Primrose

Camissonia Parvula (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Raven

Nuttall's Primrose

Oenothera Nuttallii  T. & G.

Scarlet Beeblossom

Gaura coccinea Nutt. ex Pursh

Tall Annual Willow-Herb

Epilobium paniculatum Nutt.    var. paniculatum

FIGWORT FAMILY SCROPHULARIACEAE

Lowly Penstemon

Penstemon humilis Nutt.

Northwestern Paintbrush

Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) B. Don

Yellow Owl-Clover

Orthocarpus luteus Nutt.

FOUR-O'CLOCK FAMILY NYCTAGINACEAE
Sand Verbena Abronia fragrans  Nutt.

GOOSEBERRY FAMILY

GROSSULAROICEAE

Wax Currant

Ribes cereum Doug.   var.  reniforme  Nutt.

GOOSEFOOT FAMILY

CHENOPODIACEAE

Fourwing Saltbush

Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.    var. cabescens

Nuttall's Saltbush

Atriplex nuttallii  S. Watts

HEATH FAMILY ERICACEAE
Western Labrador Tea Ledum glandulosum Nutt.

Woodland Pinedrops

Pterospora andromedea Nutt.

IRIS FAMILY

IRIDACEAE

Rocky Mountain Iris

 Iris missouriensis  Nutt.

LILY FAMILY

LILIACEAE

Leopard Lily

Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt.

Mountain Death-Camas

Zigadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) S. Wats.

Sego Lily Calochortus nuttallii  Torr. & Gray 
Western Turkey Grass/Indian Basket Grass Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh.) Nutt

MALLOW FAMILY

MALVACEAE

Oregon Checkermallow

Sidalcea oregana (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Gray

MAPLE FAMILY

ACERACEAE

Bigtooth Maple

Acer grandidentatum Nutt.

MINT FAMILY

LAMIACEAE

American Dragon-Head

Dracocephallum parviflorum Nutt.

Purple Dragon-Head

Physostegia parviflora Nutt.

Swamp Hedge-Nettle

Stachys palustris L.     var. pilosa (Nutt.) Fern

MUSTARD FAMILY BRASSICACEAE
Bittercress Cardamine oligosperma  Nutt.

Entire Leave Thelypody

Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl.

Montana Peppergrass

Lepidium Montanum Nutt.    var. montanum

Rough Wallflower

Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC

NETTLE FAMILY

URTICACEAE

Stinging Nettle

Urtrica holosericea  Nutt.

NIGHTSHADE FAMILY SOLANACEAE

Cut-leaf Nightshade

Solanum triflorum Nutt.

OLEASTER FAMILY ELAEAGNACEAE

Canadian Buffalo Berry

Sheperdia canadensis (L.)  Nutt.

Silver Buffalo-Berry Shepardia argentea (Pursh.) Nutt.

PHLOX FAMILY

POLEMONIACEAE

Long-Leaf Phlox

Phlox longifolia Nutt.

Nuttall's Linanthastrum

Linanthastrum nuttallii

Sky Phlox

Polemonium viscosum  Nutt.

Tiny Trumpet

Collomia linearis  Nutt.

PINE FAMILY

PINACEAE

Subalpine Fir

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.

PINK FAMILY

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Capitate Sandwort

Arenaria congesta Nutt.    var. congesta

ROSE FAMILY

ROSACEAE

Black Hawthorn Crataegus douglasii   var. rivularis  Nutt. 
Bush Oceanspray Holodiscus dumsus   (Nutt. ex Hook.)  A. Heller
Bushy Cinquefoil Potentilla paradoxa  Nutt.

Curl Leaf Mountain Mahogany

Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.

Rock Spiraea Petrophytum caepitosum  (Nutt.) Rydb.
Squaw Apple Peraphyllum ramosissimum Nutt.

Thimbleberry

Rubus parviflorus Nutt.

Western Burnet 

Sanguisorba occidentale Nutt. ex.  T. & G.

Western Chokecherry Prunus virginiana  L.  var.  demissa  Nutt. 

Western Serviceberry

Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.

SANDLEWOOD FAMILY

SANTAIACEASE

Pale Bastard Toad-Flax

Comandra unbellata (L.) Nutt.   var. pallida (D.C.) Jones

SAXIFRAGE FAMILY

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Slender Woodland Star

Lithophragma tenellum Nutt.   var. tenella

Small Flower Fringecup

Lithophragma parviflorum (Hook.) Nutt.

Small Prairie Star Lithophragma glabrum  Nutt.

SEDGE FAMILY

CYPERACEASE

Golden-Fruited Sedge

Carex aurea Nutt.

SUMAC FAMILY

ANACARDIACE    

Skunkbrush   

Rhus trilobata Nutt.

VALERIAN FAMILY

VALERIANACEAE

Edible Valerian/Tobacco Root

Valeriana edulis Nutt.    var. edulis Nutt.

VIOLET FAMILY

VIOLACEAE

Nuttall's Violet

Viola nuttallii Pursh     var. vallicola (Nels.) Hitchc.

WILLOW FAMILY

SALICACEAE

 Caudate Willow

Salix lucida  Muhlenb.    ssp. caudata (Nutt.) 

 Dusky Willow

Salix exigua Nutt.    ssp.melannopsis (Nutt.) Cronq.

var. melanopsis
Scouler's Willow  Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook  var. flavescens Nutt

Sandbar Willow

Salix exigua  Nutt.

 

REFERENCES

Books

Bremness, Lesley, 1994.  Herbs. Dorling Kindersley, London.

Coon, N.  1963. Using Plants for Healing. Hearthside Press, Inc. Mass.

Craighead, J. J., F. C. Craighead, and R. J. Davis.  1963.  A Field Guide to Rocky Mountain Wildflowers. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

Cronquist, A., N. H. Holmgren, and P.K. Holmgren. 1997. Intermountain Flora, Vol. 3, Part A. New York, Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1989. Intermountain Flora, Vol. 3, Part B. New York, Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H .Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1984. Intermountain Flora, Vol. 4, Part B. New York, Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H., J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1994.. Intermountain Flora,
Vol. 5. New York, Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren,  J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren. 1977. Intermountain Flora, Vol. 3, Part B. New York, Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.

Glennon, James M.. 1991. Flora of the Fort Hall Indian Reservation. Idaho State University.

Harrington, H. D., 1967.  Edible Native Plants of the Rocky Mountains. The University of New Mexico Press.

Huxley, Anthony, 1967.  Mountain Flowers.  The Macmillan Company, New York.

Imes, Rick, 1992.  Wildflowers.  Wildflowers.  Rodale Press, Emmaus, Pennsylvania.

Johnson, Frederic D., 1995.  Wild Trees of Idaho.  University of Idaho Press.

Monzino, H. N., 1987. Shrubs of the Great Basin. University of Nevada Press, Reno, Los Vegas.

Orr, R. T., and M. C. Orr, 1974. Wildflowers of Western America. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.

Pesman, Walter, M., 1988. Meet the Natives.  Denver Botanic Gardens.

Rydberg, P. A., 1917.  Flora of the Rocky Mountains. Published by the Author, New York.

Taylor, Ronald J., 1992.  Sagebrush Country.  Mountain Press Printing Company, Missoula.

Williamson, Kim, 1964. Eating Wild Plants. Mountain Press Printing Company, Missoula.

Internet Resources

Albion College: Angiosperm Images By Family

Botanical Dermatology Database.  BoDD Index to Plant Families.

Botanical Medicine Information Resources

CalFlora. Botanical resource  of 8,363 vascular plants on the internet.

California Gardens.com 

Canada Poisonous Plant Information System

Central Washington Native Plants

Creek Herbs. A collection of herbs, wildflowers, descriptions, and folklore.

DMOZ Plants

Expedition to the Future: Lewis and Clark Botany

Fire effects Information: 900 plants described

Flora Northwest

Flowering Plant Gateway

HerbMed  Interactive Herbal Data Base

HerbWeb.Com

Lewis and Clark Herbarium

Lewis and Clark in Idaho

Lewis and Clark Journal of Discovery: Plants

National Library of Medicine

New York Botanical Gardens. Vascular Plant Type Catalogue.

Pacific Northwest Wildflowers.  Flowers found west of the Cascade Crest.

Plants For A Future

Rocky Mountain Rare Plants

Stress Treatments: Plants used to reduce and prevent stress

Texas A&M University.  Bioinformatics Working Group. Vascular Plant Image Gallery.

University of Idaho. Propagating deciduous and evergreen shrubs, trees, and vines with stem cuttings.

University of Maryland, Botanical Resources. Information on plant groups.

U. S. G. S., Plants..  Northern Prairie Wildlife Resource Center.

Washington Native Plant Society Policy On Collection and Sale Of Native Plants

Washington State University, Gardening in Western Washington: Native Plants

Wildflowers: A Closer Look